The CSI was implemented in Japan from 2008-2010 by the Center for Nonprofit Research and Information (CENPRI) at the Osaka School of International Public Policy.
Japanese Civil Society at a Crossroads
The report finds that the modern concept of civil society in Japan was only introduced in recent years, despite its existence since early history. In 1998, the Law to Promote Specified Nonprofit Activities (NPO law), the first law to promote civic activities with minimum government intervention, was enacted, and this saw a burgeoning of the sector. With more than a decade now passed since the law, Japanese civil society sector finds itself at a crossroads, where decisions of civil society and government will determine whether it can become an influential sector to make society better or whether it will not be able to meet the growing expectations.
The comparison of scores for each dimension with other countries participating in the CSI project revealed that Japanese civil society has a high perceived impact, well established organisations and a favourable environment for civil society. On the other hand, as weaknesses, it is found that Japanese CSOs do not always perform well in practising core values. The research raises concerns about poor working conditions for employees, and low awareness about environmental issues, while despite the higher score, the Level of Organisation dimension requires attention to organisations' financial instability and the lack of sustainable human resources. Low levels of political engagement are also a cause for concern.
Finally, although the External Environment dimension scored remarkably high, indicating that civil society has space to develop, there are concerns, such as low levels of public trust, that should influence the level of association. Additionally, this dimension pointed out missing important issues to be addressed, such as civic education and reform of the taxation system.
CSI Country Reports in Japan
- Japan CSI Country Report 2010: Full Report
